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Dryad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Dryad by Evelyn De Morgan

A dryad (/ˈdr.æd/; Greek: Δρυάδες, sing. Δρυάς) is an oak tree nymph or oak tree spirit in Greek mythology; Drys (δρῦς) means "tree", and more specifically "oak" in Greek.[1] Today the term is often used to refer to tree nymphs in general.[2]

Types

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Daphnaie

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These were nymphs of the laurel trees.

Epimelides

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The Maliades, Meliades or Epimelides were nymphs of apple and other fruit trees and the protectors of sheep. The Greek word melas, from which their name derives, means both apple and sheep. The Hesperides, the guardians of the golden apples, were regarded as this type of dryad.[citation needed]

Hamadryad

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Dryads, like all nymphs, were supernaturally long-lived and, like many, were tied to their homes, but some were a step beyond most nymphs. These were the hamadryads, who were an integral part of their trees, such that if the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it also died. For these reasons, dryads and the Greek gods punished any mortal who harmed trees without first propitiating the tree-nymphs. (associated with Oak trees)

Meliae

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The dryads of the ash tree were called the Meliae.[3] The Meliae sisters tended the infant Zeus in Rhea's Cretan cave. In Hesiod's Theogony, Gaia gave birth to the Meliae after being made fertile by the blood of the castrated Uranus.[4]

Names

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Some of the individual dryads or hamadryads are:

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La dernière dryade (The Last Dryad) by Gabriel Guay, 1898.

See also

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  • Ghillie Dhu, a similar Scottish spirit
  • Kodama, a similar Japanese spirit
  • Green spirit, a similar spirit found in Myanmar and other Buddhist countries
  • Elf, a similar mythical creature associated with nature
  • Plant soul, the soul of a plant in religious traditions
  • Querquetulanae, Roman nymphs of the oak
  • Rådande, a similar Swedish spirit
  • Salabhanjika, a similar Indian spirit
  • Mavka, a similar Ukrainian spirit

References

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Citations

  1. ^ Liddell, Henry; Scott, Robert, eds. (1940). "δρῦς, n.". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press.
  2. ^ Łaszkiewicz (2017) p. 131.
  3. ^ Larson (2001) p.11.
  4. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 183–87.
  5. ^ Apollodorus, 2.1.5
  6. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 480
  7. ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.330 ff; Antoninus Liberalis, 32
  8. ^ Pausanias, 8.4.2
  9. ^ Pausanias, 8.39.2
  10. ^ Pausanias, 10.32.9
  11. ^ Martha E. Cook (1979). "Dryads and Flappers". The Southern Literary Journal. 12 (1). University of North Carolina Press: 18–26. JSTOR 20077624.
  12. ^ Niedbala (2006) p.87
  13. ^ Sellars (2008) pp.37–38.

Bibliography

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