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Stavropol Krai

Coordinates: 45°03′N 43°16′E / 45.050°N 43.267°E / 45.050; 43.267
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Stavropol Krai
Krai
Ставропольский край
Flag of Stavropol Krai
Flag
Coat of arms of Stavropol Krai
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Stavropol Krai
Anthem of Southern Russia (Unofficial)
[3]
Coordinates: 45°03′N 43°16′E / 45.050°N 43.267°E / 45.050; 43.267
CountryRussia
Federal districtNorth Caucasian[1]
Economic regionNorth Caucasus[2]
Administrative centerStavropol
Government
 • BodyDuma[4]
 • Governor[4]Vladimir Vladimirov[5]
Area
[6]
 • Total
66,160 km2 (25,540 sq mi)
 • Rank45th
Population
 (2021 census)[7]
 • Total
Increase 2,907,593
 • Estimate 
(2018)[8]
2,800,674
 • Rank14th
 • Urban
60.6%
 • Rural
39.4%
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[9])
ISO 3166 codeRU-STA
License plates26, 126
OKTMO ID07000000
Official languagesRussian[10]
Websitehttp://www.stavregion.ru

Stavropol Krai (Russian: Ставропо́льский край, romanized: Stavropolʹskiy kray, IPA: [stəvrɐˈpolʲskʲɪj kraj]), also known as Stavropolye (Russian: Ставропо́лье, romanized: Stavropolye, IPA: [stəvrɐˈpolʲɪ̯ə]), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia, and is administratively part of the North Caucasian Federal District. Stavropol Krai has a population of 2,907,593, according to the 2021 Census.

Stavropol is the largest city and the capital of Stavropol Krai, and Pyatigorsk is the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District.

Stavropol Krai is bordered by Krasnodar Krai to the west, Rostov Oblast to the north-west, Kalmykia to the north, Dagestan to the east, and Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia to the south. It is one of the most multi-ethnic federal subjects in Russia, with thirty-three ethnic groups with more than 2,000 persons each. The western area of Stavropol Krai is considered part of the Kuban region, the traditional home of the Kuban Cossacks, with most of the krai's population living in the drainage basin of the Kuban River.

Geography

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class=notpageimage|
Federal subjects in the Black Sea-Caspian area.
*Smaller areas along the north Caucasus are the republics: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, and Chechnya
*Yellow is the Southern Federal District and below it is the North Caucasian Federal District (light grey)

The krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders with Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia–Alania, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay–Cherkessia.

Climate

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Most of Stavropol Krai experiences hot-summer humid continental climate (except for mountains). Winters are shorter and warmer than in most of Russia but still freezing and snowy: average January temperature is between −2 °C (28 °F) and −6 °C (21 °F). Summers are warm to hot with average July temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). Extremes range from −35 °C (−31 °F) in winter to 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. Average annual precipitation is 400 to 600 millimetres (16 to 24 in).

History

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The krai was established as North Caucasus Krai on October 17, 1924. After undergoing numerous administrative changes, it was renamed Ordzhonikidze Krai (Орджоникидзевский край), after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, in March 1937, and Stavropol Krai on January 12, 1943.

Politics

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During the Soviet period, the high authority in the region (krai) was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Stavropol Krai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the Chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power).

In 1970–1978, Mikhail Gorbachev, a native of Stavropol Krai, occupied the position of the First Secretary of the Krai's Communist Party Committee. He left the region for Moscow in 1978, when he was promoted to a Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, to become the Party's General Secretary and the nation's leader 7 years later. The region was also native to Yuri Andropov, who was also leader of the Soviet Union for a short time.

Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai Administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Stavropol Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Stavropol Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as a guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Economy

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Large companies in the region include Stavrolen, Arnest, Concern Enorgomera, Nevinomiskiy Azot, Stavropolskiy Gres.[12]

Agriculture

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Irrigated agriculture is well-developed in the region. As of the beginning of 2001, Stavropol Krai had 3,361 km of irrigation canals, of which 959 km were lined (i.e., had concrete or stone walls, rather than merely soil walls, to reduce the loss of water).[13]

Among the major irrigation canals are:[13]

Demographics

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Life expectancy at birth in Stavropol Krai

According to the 2021 Census the Krai's population was 2,907,593,[14] up from 2,786,281 in the 2010 Census[15] and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census.[16] The population of the krai is concentrated in the drainage basins of the Kuban River and of the Kuma River, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). In modern Russia the Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered ethnic Russians, although their roots are in Ukraine (historically, their dialect was descended from that of Cherkasy). Other notable ethnic groups include Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni), Armeno-Tats, Pontic Greeks, Ukrainians, Turkmens as well as indigenous groups from the North Caucasian republics, especially from Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan.

Vital statistics for 2022:[17][18]

  • Births: 25,332 (9.1 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 33,865 (12.2 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):[19]
1.29 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):[20]
Total — 71.66 years (male — 67.68, female — 75.43)

Settlements

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
1897873,301—    
1926674,559−22.8%
19391,950,887+189.2%
19591,882,911−3.5%
19702,305,780+22.5%
19792,539,219+10.1%
19892,857,188+12.5%
20022,735,139−4.3%
20102,786,281+1.9%
20212,907,593+4.4%
Source: Census data

Ethnic groups

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The 2010 Census counted thirty-three ethnic groups of more than 2,000  persons each, making this federal subject one of the most multiethnic in Russia. The inhabitants identified themselves as belonging to more than 140 different ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:[21]

Population Ethnicity Percentage of total population
2,309,460 Russians 79.4%
135,384 Armenians 4.7%
58,785 Dargins 2.0%
38,045 Romani people 1.3%
23,943 Greeks 0.8%
22,569 Nogais 0.8%
15,649 Karachay 0.5%
15,100 Turkmens 0.5%
13,996 Azerbaijanis 0.5%
13,779 Chechens 0.5%
12,724 Turks 0.4%
10,288 Avars 0.4%
9,895 Ukrainians 0.3%
8,354 Tatars 0.3%
97,793 Other Ethnicity 3.4%
121,829 Ethnicity not stated 4.2%

Religion

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Religion in Stavropol Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[22][23]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 46.9%
Other Orthodox
 
 1%
Other Christians
 
 6.6%
Islam
 
 2%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
 
 1.3%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 19.3%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 16.4%
Other and undeclared
 
 6.5%

According to a 2012 survey[22] 46.9% of the population of Stavropol Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Muslims, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies, and 1% of the population adheres to Rodnovery or local native faiths. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% is atheist, and 7.1% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[22]

Administrative divisions

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Main article: Administrative divisions of Stavropol Krai

Stavropol Krai is administratively divided into twenty-six districts (raions) and ten cities/towns. The districts are further subdivided into nine towns of district subordinance, seven urban-type settlements, and 284 rural okrugs and stanitsa okrugs.

Notable people

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Law #14
  4. ^ a b Charter of Stavropol Krai, Article 8
  5. ^ Official website of Stavropol Krai. Vladimir Vladimirovich Vladimirov, Governor of Stavropol Krai (in Russian)
  6. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  7. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  8. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  9. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  10. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  11. ^ October 17, 1924 is the date of establishment of North Caucasus Krai, which underwent several renamings and administrative changes before stabilizing in its present borders.
  12. ^ "Stavropol Territory Industries". investinregions.ru. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
  13. ^ a b Общая информация О водных ресурсах края Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (General information about the water resources of the krai), from the regional government site. (in Russian)
  14. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  15. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  16. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  17. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  18. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  19. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  20. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  21. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  22. ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  23. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  24. ^ Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1911). "Lermontov, Mikhail Yurevich" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 484–485.
  25. ^ "Пионеры русского виноделия на Кавказе: Скаржинский".

Sources

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  • Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. №6-кз 12 октября 1994 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ставропольского края», в ред. Закона №132-кз от 2 декабря 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу (Основному Закону) Ставропольского края». Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №198–199, 14 октября 1994 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. #6-kz October 12, 1994 Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #132-kz of December 2, 2015 On the Amendments to the Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai. ).
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