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John Schlesinger

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This article is about the director. For the attorney, see Marilyn Milian.

John Schlesinger
CBE
Schlesinger in 1974
Born
John Richard Schlesinger

(1926-02-16)16 February 1926
London, England
Died25 July 2003(2003-07-25) (aged 77)
Palm Springs, California, U.S.
Alma materBalliol College, Oxford
Occupations
  • Director
  • actor
PartnerMichael Childers

John Richard Schlesinger[1] CBE (/ˈʃlɛsɪndʒər/ SHLESS-in-jər; 16 February 1926 – 25 July 2003) was an English film and stage director, and actor. He emerged in the early 1960s as a leading light of the British New Wave, before embarking on a successful career in Hollywood, often directing films dealing frankly in provocative subject matter, combined with his status as one of the rare openly gay directors working in mainstream films.[2][3]

Schlesinger started his career making British dramas A Kind of Loving (1962), Billy Liar (1963), and Far from the Madding Crowd (1967). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for Midnight Cowboy (1969) and was Oscar-nominated for Darling (1965) and Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971). He gained acclaim for his Hollywood films The Day of the Locust (1975), and Marathon Man (1976). His later films include Madame Sousatzka (1988) and Cold Comfort Farm (1995). He also served as an associate director of the Royal National Theatre.

Over his career he received numerous accolades including an Academy Award, and four BAFTA Awards as well as nominations for three Golden Globe Awards. In 1970, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1970 Birthday Honours for services to film, and in 2002, he was made a BAFTA Fellow. Four of Schlesinger's films are on the British Film Institute's Top 100 British films.[4]

Early life

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Schlesinger was born and raised in Hampstead, London,[5] in a Jewish family,[6] the eldest of five children[7] of distinguished Emmanuel College, Cambridge–educated paediatrician and physician Bernard Edward Schlesinger OBE FRCP (1896–1984), who had also served in the Royal Army Medical Corps as a brigadier,[8] and his wife Winifred Henrietta, daughter of Hermann Regensburg, a stockbroker from Frankfurt.[9] She had left school at 14 to study at the Trinity College of Music, and later studied languages at the University of Oxford for three years.[10][11] Bernard Schlesinger's father Richard, a stockbroker, had come to England in the 1880s from Frankfurt.[12]

After St Edmund's School, Hindhead and Uppingham School (where his father had also been),[13] Schlesinger enlisted in the British Army during World War II. While serving with the Royal Engineers, he made films on the war's front line. He also entertained his fellow troops by performing magic tricks.[14] After his tour of duty, he continued making short films and acted in stage productions while studying at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was involved in the Oxford University Dramatic Society.[15]

Career

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Schlesinger's acting career began in the 1950s and consisted of supporting roles in British films such as The Divided Heart and Oh... Rosalinda!!, and British television productions such as BBC Sunday Night Theatre, The Adventures of Robin Hood and The Vise. He began his directorial career in 1956 with the short documentary Sunday in the Park about London's Hyde Park. In 1958, Schlesinger created a documentary on Benjamin Britten and the Aldeburgh Festival for the BBC's Monitor TV programme, including rehearsals of the children's opera Noye's Fludde featuring a young Michael Crawford.[16][17] In 1959, Schlesinger was credited as exterior or second unit director on 23 episodes of the TV series The Four Just Men and four 30-minute episodes of the series Danger Man.[18] He also appeared in Col March of Scotland Yard as "Dutch cook" in "Death and the Other Monkey" 1956.

By the 1960s, he had virtually given up acting to concentrate on a directing career, and another of his earlier directorial efforts, the British Transport Films' documentary Terminus (1961), gained a Venice Film Festival Gold Lion and a British Academy Award. His first two fiction films, A Kind of Loving (1962) and Billy Liar (1963) were set in the North of England. A Kind of Loving won the Golden Bear award at the 12th Berlin International Film Festival in 1962.[19] His third feature film, Darling (1965), tartly described the modern way of life in London and was one of the first films about 'swinging London'. Schlesinger's next film was the period drama Far from the Madding Crowd (1967), an adaptation of Thomas Hardy's popular novel accentuated by beautiful English country locations. Both films (and Billy Liar) featured Julie Christie as the female lead.

Schlesinger's next film, Midnight Cowboy (1969), was internationally acclaimed. A story of two hustlers living on the fringe in the bad side of New York City, it was Schlesinger's first film shot in the US, and it won Oscars for Best Director and Best Picture. The film was one of the earliest mainstream American films to deal explicitly with homosexual relationships, and is considered a groundbreaking work of queer cinema.[20][21][22] During the 1970s, he made an array of films that were mainly about loners, losers and people outside the mainstream world, such as Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971), The Day of the Locust (1975), Marathon Man (1976) and Yanks (1979). Later, came the major box office and critical failure of Honky Tonk Freeway (1981), followed by films that attracted mixed responses from the public, and low returns, although The Falcon and the Snowman (1985) made money and Pacific Heights (1990) was a box-office hit. In Britain, he did better with films like Madame Sousatzka (1988) and Cold Comfort Farm (1995). Other later works include plays for television An Englishman Abroad (1983) and A Question of Attribution (1991), both with scripts by Alan Bennett, The Innocent (1993) and The Next Best Thing (2000).

Schlesinger directed on stage Timon of Athens (1965) for the Royal Shakespeare Company and the musical I and Albert (1972) at London's Piccadilly Theatre. From 1973, he was an associate director of the Royal National Theatre, where he produced George Bernard Shaw's Heartbreak House (1975). He directed several operas, including Les contes d'Hoffmann (1980) and Der Rosenkavalier (1984), both at Covent Garden.[23]

Schlesinger directed a party political broadcast for the Conservative Party in the general election of 1992, which featured Prime Minister John Major returning to Brixton in south London, thus highlighting Major's humble background, something atypical for a Conservative politician at that time. Schlesinger said he had voted for all three main political parties in the UK at one time or another.

Later life and death

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In 1991, Schlesinger made a brief return to acting, portraying the gay character 'Derek' in the TV adaptation of The Lost Language of Cranes for the BBC. Schlesinger had himself come out during the making of Midnight Cowboy.[24]

Schlesinger was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1970 Birthday Honours for services to film.[25][26] Maintaining a flat in London and house at Palm Springs, California[27] Schlesinger had a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars dedicated to him in January 2003, which was his final public appearance.[28][29]

Schlesinger underwent a quadruple heart bypass in 1998, before suffering a stroke on New Year's Day 2001, which substantially diminished his faculties.[30] He died at Desert Regional Medical Center in Palm Springs on the morning of 25 July 2003, at the age of 77.[31][2]

Schlesinger was survived by his partner of over 30 years, photographer Michael Childers. A memorial service was held on 30 September 2003.[26] He was cremated, with most of his ashes interred next to his parents, and the remainder left to be interred with Childers.[32]

Filmography

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Film

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Year Title Director Writer Producer
1952 The Starfish Yes[a] Yes Uncredited
1962 A Kind of Loving Yes No No
1963 Billy Liar Yes No No
1965 Darling Yes Story No
1967 Far From the Madding Crowd Yes No No
1969 Midnight Cowboy Yes No No
1971 Sunday Bloody Sunday Yes Uncredited No
1975 The Day of the Locust Yes No No
1976 Marathon Man Yes No No
1979 Yanks Yes No No
1981 Honky Tonk Freeway Yes No No
1985 The Falcon and the Snowman Yes No Yes
1987 The Believers Yes No Yes
1988 Madame Sousatzka Yes Yes No
1990 Pacific Heights Yes No No
1993 The Innocent Yes No No
1996 Eye for an Eye Yes No No
2000 The Next Best Thing Yes No No
  1. ^ Co-directed with Alan Cooke

Documentary film

Documentary short

Year Title Director Writer Producer Notes
1956 Sunday in the Park Yes No Yes Also cinematographer
1961 Terminus Yes Yes No Also appeared as a passenger (Uncredited)
1973 The Longest Yes No No Segment of Visions of Eight

Television

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Year Title Notes
1960–1963 The Valiant Years
1958–1961 Monitor 4 episodes
1967 The Wednesday Play Episode "Days in the Trees" (Original Royal Shakespeare Company stage production)
1991 Screen One Episode "A Question of Attribution"

TV movies

Awards and honours

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He was twice nominated for the Venice Film Festival's Golden Lion, and was recipient of the Directors Guild of Great Britain's Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1970, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1970 Birthday Honours for services to film. In 1981, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Attenborough its annual Shakespeare Prize in recognition of his life's work. In 2002 he was made a BAFTA Fellow.

Academy Awards

Year Title Category Result
1965 Darling Best Director Nominated
1969 Midnight Cowboy Won
1971 Sunday Bloody Sunday Nominated

BAFTA Awards

Year Title Category Result
1961 Terminus Best Short Film Won
1965 Darling Best British Film Nominated
1969 Midnight Cowboy Best Direction Won
1971 Sunday Bloody Sunday Won
1979 Yanks Nominated
1983 An Englishman Abroad Best Single Drama Won
1991 A Question of Attribution Won
1996 BAFTA Fellowship Won

Golden Globe Awards

Year Title Category Result
1965 Darling Best Director Nominated
1969 Midnight Cowboy Won
1976 Marathon Man Nominated
Awards and nominations received by Schlesinger's films
Year Title Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Globe Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
1962 A Kind of Loving 4
1963 Billy Liar 6
1965 Darling 5 3 6 4 3 1
1967 Far from the Madding Crowd 1 2 3
1969 Midnight Cowboy 7 3 7 6 7 1
1971 Sunday Bloody Sunday 4 8 5 2 1
1975 The Day of the Locust 2 3 1 2
1976 Marathon Man 1 2 5 1
1979 Yanks 7 2 2
1988 Madame Sousatzka 1 2 1
Total 20 6 46 18 26 5

References

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  1. ^ "Schlesinger, John Richard (1926–2003)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/92267. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b Breznica, Anthony (26 July 2003). "Filmmaker John Schlesinger Dies at 77". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Where to begin with John Schlesinger". BFI. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  4. ^ "British Film Institute – Top 100 British Films – cinemarealm.com". Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  5. ^ Mann, 2004, pp. 46, 179
  6. ^ Bond, Paul (8 August 2003). "Obituary: John Schlesinger, filmmaker, 1926–2003". World Socialist Website. International Committee of the Fourth International. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  7. ^ John Schlesinger, Gene D. Phillips, Twayne Publishers, 1981, p. 17
  8. ^ "Bernard Edward Schlesinger | RCP Museum".
  9. ^ Their life through letters was later published by their grandson Ian Buruma as Their Promised Land (Penguin, 1917.)
  10. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 54
  11. ^ Current Biography Yearbook 1970, ed. Charles Moritz, The H. W. Wilson Co., 1971, p. 377
  12. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 51
  13. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 58
  14. ^ John Schlesinger on Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  15. ^ Rhodes, Rachel (25 November 2005). "Jocelyn Page – interview transcript" (PDF). British Library. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  16. ^ Benjamin Britten on Camera Video from 10:01.
  17. ^ Wiebe, Heather. Britten's Unquiet Pasts: Sound and Memory in Postwar Reconstruction. Cambridge University Press, 2012: p. 153
  18. ^ End credits of episodes of both series.
  19. ^ "Berlinale: Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  20. ^ Harris, Mark (29 May 2018). "Midnight Cowboy: On the Fringe". Criterion Collection.
  21. ^ "50 Years After Midnight Cowboy, Gay Cinema Is Still a Work in Progress". LAmag - Culture, Food, Fashion, News & Los Angeles. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  22. ^ "X-Rated: Inside the Myths and Legends of Midnight Cowboy". Vanity Fair. 26 February 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  23. ^ Millington, Barry (2001). "John Schlesinger". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.‎
  24. ^ Goldstein, Patrick (27 February 2005). "'Midnight Cowboy' and the very dark horse its makers rode in on". LA Times.
  25. ^ "No. 45117". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 June 1970. p. 6373.
  26. ^ a b "Diaries 1996–2004". Untold Stories. p. 335.
  27. ^ Meeks, Eric G. (2014) [2012]. The Best Guide Ever to Palm Springs Celebrity Homes. Horatio Limburger Oglethorpe. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-1479328598.
  28. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 559
  29. ^ Palm Springs Walk of Stars by date dedicated
  30. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 556
  31. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 560
  32. ^ Mann, 2004, p. 560

Sources

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  • Mann, William J. (2004). Edge of Midnight: The Life of John Schlesinger. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0091794897
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